1990
Several Locations over the years
Compiled from U.S. Center for World Mission’s Perspectives Course
A. THE TEXT BOOK OF MISSIONS
The theory of missions begins in the Bible. In the bible is the record of the preparation of the kingdom of Heaven, its principles and its progress.
In the Bible we find :
- The Missionary Thought In Gods Heart
- The Missionary Message In Christ’s Atonement
- The Missionary Duty In Our Lord’s Commands
- The Missionary Motive In The Nature Of The Redeemed Life
- The Missionary Task In A “World Ruled By The Evil One”
- The Missionary Power In “The Holy Spirit Whom God Has Given To Those Who Obey Him”
- The Missionary Goal In “The Day” Of Jesus Christ.
The Old Testament gives us the grounds by which the Lord gives his plans and commands to conquer the world in his name.
The New Testament missionary is a product of the work of the early Christians.
The book of Acts is an inspired account of the first experiences in executing the commands under the impulse and guidance of the Holy Spirit.
What Jesus began to do in his personal ministry he continues in the person of his disciples under the power of the Holy Spirit.
The book of Acts:
Gives us the first chapter in the history of New Testament missions and its progress.
The book of Matthew:
Records facts about the life of Jesus and compares them with old testament prophecies and proves that Jesus is the Christ of God
The book of Luke:
Gives a universal account of the character and work of the son of man setting up God’s kingdom in men to take possession of the world.
So the Gospels are all missionary tracts setting forth the gospel that its conquests might be extended and its work confirmed.
In the “general epistles”, James:
Is for the instruction of the mission converts in the righteousness of the gospel.
1 and 2 Peter and Jude:
Are to encourage the mission converts under persecutions and to be faithful under adverse circumstances.
Paul’s epistles were written:
1. To follow-up the work of his missionary labors
2. To maintain the purity of the gospel against corruptions in doctrine and life
3. To defend his own missionary apostleship against the juadizers
4. To expound the universal principles of the gospel
5. To reprove, rebuke, and exhort those who had received the gospel
6. Three of his letters were to younger missionaries: to give the instruction in the work and to “commit to faithful men who should be able to teach others”
The whole New Testament can only be interpreted in the light of missions.
B. GOD IS A MISSIONARY GOD
[adapted from: PERSPECTIVES OF THE WORLD CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT; Study Guide and Reader]
Do you desire to follow the teachings of the Bible?
But what kind of teachings does the Bible encourage?
Some would say that Evangelism and Missions lie on the extremity of Biblical concerns. Missions was almost an afterthought.
Others have an idea that evangelism is simply part of good Christian behavior; it is the right thing to do.
We will discover that missions lies at the center of God’s concern. He is doing missions. Evangelism is more than just doing the right activity, it is a partnership and fellowship with a living God, for He is a missionary God!
We will attempt explain how the Bible is the basis for Missions, how missions is the basis for the Bible, how all of scripture focuses on the missions mandate.
We will look at God’s promise to Abraham as a call to missions, and describe the two fold problem God seeks to solve.
We will state God’s mission purpose and explain the unity of God’s purpose to redeem and God’s purpose to rule.
1. MISSIONS AND THE BIBLE
a. MISSIONS – THE BASIS OF THE BIBLE
No one doubts that missions is in the Bible somewhere. A superficial reading of scripture readily reveals two things:
1) Universal themes and passages reveal God’s concern for the whole world.
“Turn to me and be saved, all you ends of the earth; for I am God, and there is no other. (Isaiah 45:22 NIV)
“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. (John 3:16 NIV)
2) Isolated mandate verses in which God calls some of his people ot a special ministry.
Declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous deeds among all peoples. (Psalms 96:3 NIV)
He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation. (Mark 16:15 NIV)
These passages clearly show that God is interested in Missions, but one might easily guess from just these few texts that God is more concerned about other things than missions.
b. THE BIBLE – THE BASIS FOR MISSIONS
It is clear that the Bible contains concepts about missions and reaching all peoples. It is clear that the Bible is the very basis for missions. But it is also true or clear that the reverse is true – that missions is the basis of the Bible. So, the Bible is the basis for Missions and Missions is the basis for the Bible.
Consider this:
- The story of God accomplishing his mission is the plot if the entire Bible. Therefore, God’s mission is the backbone upon which the whole Bible is built and is best understood.
- The way God accomplishes his mission is to reveal himself to men by the spoken and Incarnate Word and enlist them as his co-workers to bring the Word to others. Therefore, God’s mission is the reason there is a Bible!
Thus the Biblical mandate for missions is not limited to a few references. We do not engage in missions because the Bible says to do so, but rather because God is accomplishing His mission, and has instructed use through the scripture to join him in the work.
1) The Promise of God.
God’s promise to Abraham highlighted his missionary intent: to bless all the nations of the earth. This promise was partially fulfilled in Abraham’s day, and throughout the period of the Old Testament. It was most fully portrayed in the life of Jesus. this promise will be perfectly fulfilled at the end of the age and is being fulfilled as He build His Church. Through this promise of god we see Him as the God of history, the God of covenant, and the God of mission
2) The Participation of God’s People
The nations are not blessed automatically. He has promised to bless the nations “through Abraham’s seed”. By faith, we are Abraham’s seed!
2. THE PURPOSE OF GOD
a. GOD’S TWO-FOLD PROBLEM
1) A Satanic counter kingdom arose whose plan was to usurp God’s reign by stealing the allegiance of man. Satan’s purpose is now to deceive and destroy man who was created in the image of God; the God who is now Satan’s enemy.
2) Mankind entered into rebellion, he left his place of authority over the earth, and ironically, trying to gain more power, fell to Satan’s Kingdom which now meant slavery of sin and death.
b. GOD’S UNIFIED PURPOSE.
God may have a two-fold problem, but he has one greater purpose. That purpose is distinctly that of a missionary. God overcomes both problems with one strategy. He redeems man in order to rule, and he rules (gains victory) in order to redeem.
1) To Reconquer his rightful domain and to re-establish his rightful reign. To gain victory over the satanic counter-kingdom and this way God redeems mankind!
2) To Reconcile man to himself through the finished work of the cross and resurrection, and through this redemption to reconcile all things to Himself in order to rule over His creation.
We can state His Unified Purpose briefly this way:
To redeem a people from every people, and to rule a kingdom over all kingdoms.
3. THE PLAN OF GOD
We must understand that God has a plan. God does not react to the circumstances of that mankind finds himself in. God has a plan, a strategy for all things that happen. This is seen in history.
a. God deals with all of humankind in Genesis 1 – 11. This underscores the fact that his abiding purpose has always included all peoples.
DISCUSSION QUESTION – WHAT ARE SOME OF THE WAYS IN WHICH GOD DEALS WITH HUMANITY IN THESE 11 CHAPTERS OF GENESIS?
b. God dealt with humankind as a whole partly because people were not the first separated during this time into linguistic units. (Although the “Table of Nations” in Genesis 10 comes after Babel chronologically, it is placed before Genesis 11 as part of the overall literary structure of Genesis) The human race was a single group of people who spoke one language. The world was literally one nation. Their power was great, and they sought to control all creation through their idolatrous practices. God saw that no evil would be impossible for them. They could not be reached as one unit.
The LORD said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. (Genesis 11:6 NIV)
Why did God scatter them at this point?
It was an act of judgement, but it was at the same time an act of marvelous mercy and strategy. They resisted God as a whole, so God would win them bit by bit!
God divided the race for his purpose. He would reach them family by family, clan by clan, people by people, nation by nation.
An uninterrupted reading of Genesis 10-12 shows God doing exactly that. He divides mankind into nations, and chooses one nation to bless the others.
c. God’s choice of Abraham was then a starting point of battle, not a barrier. It was a beginning, not a closing of his universal purpose. It was all part of His strategy, and the sin of Babylon proved to be a success for God!
The choosing of Abraham was not a narrowing of God’s intentions, but a strategic breakthrough in order to reach all nations!
C. THE OBLIGATION AND THE OPPORTUNITY
[adapted from: PERSPECTIVES OF THE WORLD CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT; Study Guide and Reader]
Everyone enjoys Old Testament stories. When all have heard the stories of Abraham, Moses, and David. We enjoy hearing about Daniel in the lion’s den, or the victory of Gideon. We see many illustrations about ourselves in these stories.
But are these stories connected? Is there a larger story? Is their an underlying plot that runs through the whole Old Testament. There is a theme that recurs throughout the Old Testament that suggests its plot. We get a glimpse of the heart and purposes of God.
There is a fourfold theme clearly stated in this simple outline of the Old Testament:
1. Israel is given an obligation with respect to the nations.
2. Israel is given an opportunity to fulfill this charge.
3. Israel, with a few exceptions is disobedient to God.
4. God is persistent in bringing Israel back to an awareness of her obligation and her opportunity.
This theme applies not only to the entire survey of the Old Testament era, but finds fulfillment in specific lives and generations of God’s people before Christ.
This is not a rigid outline, but it is an interpretive theme. The limitations of time will not allow us to examine each Old Testament event. We do not divide the Old Testament into four time periods according to this outline. But each story, each event recorded can be well understood by this four part theme as one perilous but victorious history, a sobering but thrilling drama, unfolding our lives with theirs, and revealing the heart of God for this world.
We want to explain:
- How the covenant with Abraham has mandate force.
- How the covenant at Sinai has mandate force.
- How the name of God encapsulates the Gospel Israel was obligated to share.
- The terms sanctify and holy.
- How the sanctification of God’s name depended on the holiness of God’s people.
- The mission and purpose of the triumphal drama of the Exodus and the Conquest.
- The mission purpose of the temple.
- The theme of “antagonism” in the Old Testament.
- Two ways that Israel failed its covenant obligation with respect to nations.
- How the story of Jonah demonstrates Israel’s obligation, opportunity, disobedience, and God’s persistence.
- Summarize what the prophets said about the Kingdom of God and the Servant of the Lord regarding Israel and he nations.
- The reason and the result of the Exile of Israel.
1. THE OBLIGATION
a. The covenant with Abraham promised not only that Abraham would receive blessings, but that he and his seed were to be a blessing to all nations.
2 “I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.” (Genesis 12:2-3 NIV)
The seed of Abraham was to proclaim God’s plan to bless the nations.
see:
It was not through law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise that he would be heir of the world, but through the righteousness that comes by faith. (Romans 4:13 NIV)
The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.” (Galatians 3:8 NIV)
If you believe, then you are part of Abraham’s seed. Heirs to the promise and obligated to fulfill your portion of the covenant – be a blessing!
b. The covenant of Sinai specified Israel’s role as a people who were able to move about among the nations, set apart to participate with God as priests.
4 `You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself. 5 Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, 6 you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites.” (Exodus 19:4-6 NIV)
We see in these verses that Israel was to be a:
- Treasured Possession, among all peoples
These are three ministries God specifies for Abraham’s descendants
We see this further in Psalm 67:
- [For the director of music. With stringed instruments. A psalm. A song.] May God be gracious to us and bless us and make his face shine upon us, Selah
2 that your ways may be known on earth, your salvation among all nations.
3 May the peoples praise you, O God; may all the peoples praise you.
4 May the nations be glad and sing for joy, for you rule the peoples justly and guide the nations of the earth. Selah
5 May the peoples praise you, O God; may all the peoples praise you.
6 Then the land will yield its harvest, and God, our God, will bless us.
7 God will bless us, and all the ends of the earth will fear him.
Note how similar this Psalm is to Genesis 12:2-3!
Three times this Psalm refers to the blessing of God. vrs – 1, 6, & 7 Bless us so that all nations might know the Lord!
The Psalmist calls us to prove & test God’s purposes for three reasons:
1. God has been gracious to us v.1-3
2. God rules and guides all nations v 4-5
3. Because of the very goodness of God v. 6-7
When we proclaim this, there will be a great harvest, the land will yield its harvest – the salvation of many!
2. THE OPPORTUNITY
What was Israel specifically supposed to do? What gospel did she have to proclaim? to be sure the gospel of the death, resurrection and second coming of Jesus the Son of God was not announces at this time. But, they did know God as gracious, loving, forgiving and faithful in open covenant relationship.
Abraham had worshipped the true God in “obedience of faith” and walked in a vital, trusting relationship with a living Lord. This they could, and did announce.
They were to witness to his name. God not only revealed his character (name) to Israel; he not only exalted his name by mighty deeds before the nations as an attraction to himself; but he also provided Israel ample opportunity to proclaim his name among the nations.
The clearest expression of God’s name if revealed to Moses in Ex 34:6-7:
6 And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, “The LORD, the LORD, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, 7 maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation.”
This is repeated throughout Israel’s history. Note the following scriptures.
`The LORD is slow to anger, abounding in love and forgiving sin and rebellion. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation.’ (Numbers 14:18 NIV)
But you, O Lord, are a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness. (Psalms 86:15 NIV)
The LORD is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love. (Psalms 103:8 NIV)
Rend your heart and not your garments. Return to the LORD your God, for he is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in love, and he relents from sending calamity. (Joel 2:13 NIV)
Who is a God like you, who pardons sin and forgives the transgression of the remnant of his inheritance? You do not stay angry for ever but delight to show mercy. (Micah 7:18 NIV)
He prayed to the LORD, “O LORD, is this not what I said when I was still at home? That is why I was so quick to flee to Tarshish. I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love, a God who relents from sending calamity. (Jonah 4:2 NIV)
Israel recognized God’s name as the focal point of nations knowing God!
1 In that day you will say: “I will praise you, O LORD. Although you were angry with me, your anger has turned away and you have comforted me. 2 Surely God is my salvation; I will trust and not be afraid. The LORD, the LORD, is my strength and my song; he has become my salvation.” 3 With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation. 4 In that day you will say: “Give thanks to the LORD, call on his name; make known among the nations what he has done, and proclaim that his name is exalted. 5 Sing to the LORD, for he has done glorious things; let this be known to all the world. 6 Shout aloud and sing for joy, people of Zion, for great is the Holy One of Israel among you.” (Isaiah 12:1-6 NIV)
1 Praise the LORD. Praise, O servants of the LORD, praise the name of the LORD. 2 Let the name of the LORD be praised, both now and for evermore. 3 From the rising of the sun to the place where it sets, the name of the LORD is to be praised. 4 The LORD is exalted over all the nations, his glory above the heavens. 5 Who is like the LORD our God, the One who sits enthroned on high, 6 who stoops down to look on the heavens and the earth? 7 He raises the poor from the dust and lifts the needy from the ash heap; 8 he seats them with princes, with the princes of their people. 9 He settles the barren woman in her home as a happy mother of children. Praise the LORD. (Psalms 113:1-9 NIV)
Like your name, O God, your praise reaches to the ends of the earth; your right hand is filled with righteousness. (Psalms 48:10 NIV)
All the earth bows down to you; they sing praise to you, they sing praise to your name.” Selah (Psalms 66:4 NIV)
8 Among the gods there is none like you, O Lord; no deeds can compare with yours. 9 All the nations you have made will come and worship before you, O Lord; they will bring glory to your name. 10 For you are great and do marvelous deeds; you alone are God. (Psalms 86:8-10 NIV)
Sing to the LORD a new song; sing to the LORD, all the earth. 2 Sing to the LORD, praise his name; proclaim his salvation day after day. 3 Declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous deeds among all peoples. 4 For great is the LORD and most worthy of praise; he is to be feared above all gods. 5 For all the gods of the nations are idols, but the LORD made the heavens. 6 Splendour and majesty are before him; strength and glory are in his sanctuary. 7 Ascribe to the LORD, O families of nations, ascribe to the LORD glory and strength. 8 Ascribe to the LORD the glory due to his name; bring an offering and come into his courts. 9 Worship the LORD in the splendour of his holiness; tremble before him, all the earth. 10 Say among the nations, “The LORD reigns.” The world is firmly established, it cannot be moved; he will judge the peoples with equity. (Psalms 96:1-10 NIV)
Psalm 99:6-9 explains those who called upon his name and knew Him as holy forgiving and just.
6 Moses and Aaron were among his priests, Samuel was among those who called on his name; they called on the LORD and he answered them. 7 He spoke to them from the pillar of cloud; they kept his statutes and the decrees he gave them. 8 O LORD our God, you answered them; you were to Israel a forgiving God, though you punished their misdeeds. 9 Exalt the LORD our God and worship at his holy mountain, for the LORD our God is holy. (Psalms 99:6-9 NIV)
Psalm 145:8-20 Explains God’s name:
8 The LORD is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. 9 The LORD is good to all; he has compassion on all he has made. 10 All you have made will praise you, O LORD; your saints will extol you. 11 They will tell of the glory of your kingdom and speak of your might, 12 so that all men may know of your mighty acts and the glorious splendour of your kingdom. 13 Your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and your dominion endures through all generations. The LORD is faithful to all his promises and loving towards all he has made. 14 The LORD upholds all those who fall and lifts up all who are bowed down. 15 The eyes of all look to you, and you give them their food at the proper time. 16 You open your hand and satisfy the desires of every living thing. 17 The LORD is righteous in all his ways and loving towards all he has made. 18 The LORD is near to all who call on him, to all who call on him in truth. 19 He fulfills the desires of those who fear him; he hears their cry and saves them. 20 The LORD watches over all who love him, but all the wicked he will destroy.
Other verses are:
19 O LORD, my strength and my fortress, my refuge in time of distress, to you the nations will come from the ends of the earth and say, “Our fathers possessed nothing but false gods, worthless idols that did them no good. 20 Do men make their own gods? Yes, but they are not gods!” 21 “Therefore I will teach them–this time I will teach them my power and might. Then they will know that my name is the LORD. (Jeremiah 16:19-21 NIV)
8 Therefore wait for me,” declares the LORD, “for the day I will stand up to testify. I have decided to assemble the nations, to gather the kingdoms and to pour out my wrath on them–all my fierce anger. The whole world will be consumed by the fire of my jealous anger. 9 “Then will I purify the lips of the peoples, that all of them may call on the name of the LORD and serve him shoulder to shoulder. 10 From beyond the rivers of Cush my worshippers, my scattered people, will bring me offerings. 11 On that day you will not be put to shame for all the wrongs you have done to me, because I will remove from this city those who rejoice in their pride. Never again will you be haughty on my holy hill. 12 But I will leave within you the meek and humble, who trust in the name of the LORD. (Zephaniah 3:8-12 NIV)
My name will be great among the nations, from the rising to the setting of the sun. In every place incense and pure offerings will be brought to my name, because my name will be great among the nations,” says the LORD Almighty. (Malachi 1:11 NIV)
a. Israel was separated from the nations to sanctify God’s name.
1) The terms “holy” and “sanctify” carry two coordinate meanings:
a) Holiness can mean moral character. To sanctify then is to purify.
b) Holiness can also mean consecration. To sanctify then means to set apart.
Israel was to be a holy nation in both senses. God distinguished Israel from all other nations in order to set his name apart – sanctify it – from the gods of other nations.
2) The Exodus from Egypt not only set apart Israel from all the other nations, it also exalted God’s name among the nations.
Note the following verses for further reading:
Exodus 9:13-16; Isaiah 63:11-14; Jeremiah 9:9-10; Psalm 106:7-8; Exodus 32:1-14; Numbers 14:1-23; Deuteronomy 7:6-8; 26:16-19, 14:1-21
3) The conquest of Canaan not only separated Israel from the idolatry of the nations who, lived there, it also exalted God’s name among the nations.
Note the following verses for further study:
Joshua 4:19-24; 7:6-9, 1 Chronicles 17:21; Joshua 9:1-10; Exodus 23:32-33; Deut 7:1-6; Ex 34:9-17
b. Israel was placed in the midst of the nations to proclaim God’s name.
1) The geographical location of Israel was a pivotal in the affairs of the ancient world.
2) God allowed Israel to build a place for his name to dwell — the temple. The temple was intended to be a focal point for the worship and knowledge of the only true God. People of distant nations did indeed hear of God’s great name.
Note these verses:
Deut 12;1-11; 1 Kings 8:41-43; 10:1-9; 8:54-61; Isaiah 56:6-8
3. ISRAEL’S DISOBEDIENCE
Israel forgot her obligation and denied her opportunity.
a. Israel mixed with the nations and so profaned God’s name.
1) Religious intermingling. Israel pursued the gods of the surrounding nations in addition to the true God. In so doing, she assigned God to a position of a national deity — only one god among many gods.
2) Political intermingling. Israel abandoned her special relationship with God as her only king in favor of a monarchy like all the other nations. God was thought of as the national god rather than the God of all nations!
Note the following verses:
Judges 8:22-23; 1 Samuel 8:4-22; 12:6-22; 1 Kings 11:1-13; Ezekiel 20:5-44; 36:16-23
b. Israel isolated herself from the nations and so withheld God’s name. Jonah serves as the finest example of this provincial mentality. Carefully note that he had the good new of the name of God which he wished wasn’t true.
He prayed to the LORD, “O LORD, is this not what I said when I was still at home? That is why I was so quick to flee to Tarshish. I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love, a God who relents from sending calamity. (Jonah 4:2 NIV)
4. GOD’S PERSISTENCE
a. THE EXILE
During the events leading up to the demise of the nation of Israel, and during the time of her exile, several prophets brought incisive words challenging Israel’s preconceptions of her privileged position. God was in effect reminding Israel of her obligation and destiny.
The people were forced by their defeat to separate the true and living God from any national god. If Yahweh was but a national deity, then he had failed. But, if he was the God of the nations, then he must have some larger purpose.
What was that larger purpose?
1) The word of the prophets and during the exile was that God was Savior not just of Israel, but of the whole world. But God was king, not only of Israel, but of all nations.
Therefore Israel could not enjoy God’s salvation or kingdom without ultimately including the nations.
Note the following verses:
Daniel 7:13-14; Isaiah 11:1-10; Psalm 102:12-22; Zechariah 14:1-9; Micah 4:1-8; 5:2-5
2) Israel could look forward to coming out of exile, but when she did, the restoration would in some way be for the nations as well. Her role in this was to be the servant of the Lord as a light to the nations.
b. AFTER THE EXILE
The exile was God’s means of not only reminding Israel of her obligation, but of providing her with grand opportunity. Like Jonah before, if she would not bring good news willingly to the nations, God would take her involuntarily to the nations. Israel was scattered throughout the Babylonian and Persian Empires.
1) The resolute allegiance of many of the Jews bore great witness to the one true God (Daniel, Esther).
2) Synagogues emerged throughout the empire as beacons of light.
3) Some jews even began to take their obligation seriously enough to begin missionary work to make proselytes. Those who heard the good news of God’s name throughout the Mediterranean region, both Jewish proselytes and the “God-fearers” who never became Jews, were the first of the Gentiles to respond to the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Saul of Tarsus could have been of these Jewish missionaries. Jesus denounces the missionary effort of the Pharisees only because the message they taught was distorted. They taught that to be acceptable to God, the Gentiles had to become Jews and abide by the Jewish traditional laws.
E. THE KINGDOM OF GOD STRIKES THE EARTH –
[adapted from: PERSPECTIVES OF THE WORLD CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT; Study Guide and Reader]
We have seen in the unfolding drama of the Old Testament the very heart of God for the nations. But more is to happen. Christ came and brought with Him the Kingdom of God.
We shall see in this lesson that Christ’s coming was the decisive act of victory in accomplishing his purpose to rule over all other rival powers earthly and heavenly, and to regain his rightful kingdom. By doing so he executed a daring but successful rescue operation that was call MISSIONS.
We pick up the story of the people of Israel still not honoring God’s name in a way that glorifies him among the nations.
1. THE MESSENGERS OF THE KINGDOM
a. God’s Day – The Coming King
Israel lived by a deeply ingrained hope in a future time in which God, the mighty King-Judge would come, judge, rule; acting on his established sovereign authority to set all wrongs right, and reign forever. This hope was often summarized as “The Day of the Lord”.
1) A day of POWER, of his COMING in JUDGEMENT.
Note the following verses:
Isaiah 66:15-21;
15 See, the LORD is coming with fire, and his chariots are like a whirlwind; he will bring down his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire. 16 For with fire and with his sword the LORD will execute judgment upon all men, and many will be those slain by the LORD. 17 “Those who consecrate and purify themselves to go into the gardens, following the one in the midst of those who eat the flesh of pigs and rats and other abominable things–they will meet their end together,” declares the LORD. 18 “And I, because of their actions and their imaginations, am about to come and gather all nations and tongues, and they will come and see my glory. 19 “I will set a sign among them, and I will send some of those who survive to the nations–to Tarshish, to the Libyans and Lydians (famous as archers), to Tubal and Greece, and to the distant islands that have not heard of my fame or seen my glory. They will proclaim my glory among the nations. 20 And they will bring all your brothers, from all the nations, to my holy mountain in Jerusalem as an offering to the LORD–on horses, in chariots and wagons, and on mules and camels,” says the LORD. “They will bring them, as the Israelites bring their grain offerings, to the temple of the LORD in ceremonially clean vessels. 21 And I will select some of them also to be priests and Levites,” says the LORD.
Zephaniah 1:14-18;
14 “The great day of the LORD is near–near and coming quickly. Listen! The cry on the day of the LORD will be bitter, the shouting of the warrior there. 15 That day will be a day of wrath, a day of distress and anguish, a day of trouble and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and blackness, 16 a day of trumpet and battle cry against the fortified cities and against the corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will walk like blind men, because they have sinned against the LORD. Their blood will be poured out like dust and their entrails like filth. 18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to save them on the day of the LORD’s wrath. In the fire of his jealousy the whole world will be consumed, for he will make a sudden end of all who live in the earth.”
Zephaniah 3:8-13;
8 Therefore wait for me,” declares the LORD, “for the day I will stand up to testify. I have decided to assemble the nations, to gather the kingdoms and to pour out my wrath on them–all my fierce anger. The whole world will be consumed by the fire of my jealous anger. 9 “Then will I purify the lips of the peoples, that all of them may call on the name of the LORD and serve him shoulder to shoulder. 10 From beyond the rivers of Cush my worshippers, my scattered people, will bring me offerings. 11 On that day you will not be put to shame for all the wrongs you have done to me, because I will remove from this city those who rejoice in their pride. Never again will you be haughty on my holy hill. 12 But I will leave within you the meek and humble, who trust in the name of the LORD. 13 The remnant of Israel will do no wrong; they will speak no lies, nor will deceit be found in their mouths. They will eat and lie down and no-one will make them afraid.”
Psalm 96:10-13;
10 Say among the nations, “The LORD reigns.” The world is firmly established, it cannot be moved; he will judge the peoples with equity. 11 Let the heavens rejoice, let the earth be glad; let the sea resound, and all that is in it; 12 let the fields be jubilant, and everything in them. Then all the trees of the forest will sing for joy; 13 they will sing before the LORD, for he comes, he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in his truth.
Joel 2:28-32;
28 “And afterwards, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. 29 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days. 30 I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and billows of smoke. 31 The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD. 32 And everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved; for on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be deliverance, as the LORD has said, among the survivors whom the LORD calls.
Joel 3:12-17
12 “Let the nations be roused; let them advance into the Valley of Jehoshaphat, for there I will sit to judge all the nations on every side. 13 Swing the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, trample the grapes, for the winepress is full and the vats overflow– so great is their wickedness!” 14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision! For the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and moon will be darkened, and the stars no longer shine. 16 The LORD will roar from Zion and thunder from Jerusalem; the earth and the sky will tremble. But the LORD will be a refuge for his people, a stronghold for the people of Israel. 17 “Then you will know that I, the LORD your God, dwell in Zion, my holy hill. Jerusalem will be holy; never again will foreigners invade her.
2). A day of PEACE, of his KINGDOM for all nations.
Note the following verses:
Zechariah 2:10-11;
10 “Shout and be glad, O Daughter of Zion. For I am coming, and I will live among you,” declares the LORD. 11 “Many nations will be joined with the LORD in that day and will become my people. I will live among you and you will know that the LORD Almighty has sent me to you.
Micah 4:1-7
1 In the last days the mountain of the LORD’s temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and peoples will stream to it. 2 Many nations will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” The law will go out from Zion, the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. 3 He will judge between many peoples and will settle disputes for strong nations far and wide. They will beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war any more. 4 Every man will sit under his own vine and under his own fig-tree, and no-one will make them afraid, for the LORD Almighty has spoken. 5 All the nations may walk in the name of their gods; we will walk in the name of the LORD our God for ever and ever. 6 “In that day,” declares the LORD, “I will gather the lame; I will assemble the exiles and those I have brought to grief. 7 I will make the lame a remnant, those driven away a strong nation. The LORD will rule over them in Mount Zion from that day and for ever.
3) A Day of PURIFICATION, of ISRAEL in his JUDGEMENT
The people of Israel looked forward to the Day of the Lord as a time of judgement against their enemies. The prophets made clear that the Day of the Lord was God’s judgement against his enemies, separating the righteous from the wicked and furthering his purposes with a purified people from all nations. Israel as a nation would escape this purging judgement.
Note these verses:
Amos 5:18-20
18 Woe to you who long for the day of the LORD! Why do you long for the day of the LORD? That day will be darkness, not light. 19 It will be as though a man fled from a lion only to meet a bear, as though he entered his house and rested his hand on the wall only to have a snake bite him. 20 Will not the day of the LORD be darkness, not light– pitch-dark, without a ray of brightness?
Malachi 3:1-6
1 “See, I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me. Then suddenly the Lord you are seeking will come to his temple; the messenger of the covenant, whom you desire, will come,” says the LORD Almighty. 2 But who can endure the day of his coming? Who can stand when he appears? For he will be like a refiner’s fire or a launderer’s soap. 3 He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; he will purify the Levites and refine them like gold and silver. Then the LORD will have men who will bring offerings in righteousness, 4 and the offerings of Judah and Jerusalem will be acceptable to the LORD, as in days gone by, as in former years. 5 “So I will come near to you for judgment. I will be quick to testify against sorcerers, adulterers and perjurers, against those who defraud laborers of their wages, who oppress the widows and the fatherless, and deprive aliens of justice, but do not fear me,” says the LORD Almighty. 6 “I the LORD do not change. So you, O descendants of Jacob, are not destroyed.
Isaiah 66:3-6, 14-21
3 But whoever sacrifices a bull is like one who kills a man, and whoever offers a lamb, like one who breaks a dog’s neck; whoever makes a grain offering is like one who presents pig’s blood, and whoever burns memorial incense, like one who worships an idol. They have chosen their own ways, and their souls delight in their abominations; 4 so I also will choose harsh treatment for them and will bring upon them what they dread. For when I called, no-one answered, when I spoke, no-one listened. They did evil in my sight and chose what displeases me.” 5 Hear the word of the LORD, you who tremble at his word; “Your brothers who hate you, and exclude you because of my name, have said, `Let the LORD be glorified, that we may see your joy!’ Yet they will be put to shame. 6 Hear that uproar from the city, hear that noise from the temple! It is the sound of the LORD repaying his enemies all they deserve. … 14 When you see this, your heart will rejoice and you will flourish like grass; the hand of the LORD will be made known to his servants, but his fury will be shown to his foes. 15 See, the LORD is coming with fire, and his chariots are like a whirlwind; he will bring down his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire. 16 For with fire and with his sword the LORD will execute judgment upon all men, and many will be those slain by the LORD. 17 “Those who consecrate and purify themselves to go into the gardens, following the one in the midst of those who eat the flesh of pigs and rats and other abominable things–they will meet their end together,” declares the LORD. 18 “And I, because of their actions and their imaginations, am about to come and gather all nations and tongues, and they will come and see my glory. 19 “I will set a sign among them, and I will send some of those who survive to the nations–to Tarshish, to the Libyans and Lydians (famous as archers), to Tubal and Greece, and to the distant islands that have not heard of my fame or seen my glory. They will proclaim my glory among the nations. 20 And they will bring all your brothers, from all the nations, to my holy mountain in Jerusalem as an offering to the LORD–on horses, in chariots and wagons, and on mules and camels,” says the LORD. “They will bring them, as the Israelites bring their grain offerings, to the temple of the LORD in ceremonially clean vessels. 21 And I will select some of them also to be priests and Levites,” says the LORD.
b. John’s Message — The Coming Kingdom
1) The popular understanding was the Judgement was for the Gentiles, especially those that oppressed the nation of Israel. Peace would be for all descendants of Abraham – Israel
2) John’s message rejected Abraham’s ancestry as having value in the Day of the Lord — the Kingdom of God
Matthew 3:1-12
1 In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the Desert of Judea 2 and saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.” 3 This is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah: “A voice of one calling in the desert, `Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for him.'” 4 John’s clothes were made of camel’s hair, and he had a leather belt round his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey. 5 People went out to him from Jerusalem and all Judea and the whole region of the Jordan. 6 Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River. 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to where he was baptizing, he said to them: “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8 Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. 9 And do not think you can say to yourselves, `We have Abraham as our father.’ I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. 10 The axe is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire. 11 “I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me will come one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not fit to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. 12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing-floor, gathering his wheat into the barn and burning up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”
3) At the same time, it was a word of good news: The Kingdom of God had come!
Note these verses:
Matthew 4:23; Luke 4:14-30
Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and sickness among the people. (Matthew 4:23 NIV)
c. John’s Question — the Coming One?
Jesus taught and acted as if the Kingdom had already come and that it was not yet come. John questioned Jesus about what he meant, raising the fundamental question about the nature of the kingdom of God.
2. THE MEANING OF THE KINGDOM
a. The Meaning of the Kingdom
1) The term kingdom is used to designate
a) a realm
b) people belonging to a realm
or
c) royal authority, kingship
2) The Bible uses the term as the right to rule, not as a royal estate. The Kingdom of God is the exercise of God’s right to rule.
b. The Mystery of the Kingdom
1) The Old Testament perspective of the Kingdom saw the Kingdom coming as a single event.
2) Jesus taught God’s Kingdom comes in two stages.
a) the Kingdom will come at the end.
- Crushing all earthly powers
- Destroying every human attempt to usurp God’s rightful rule.
- Purging all sin and evil from the earth
b) But the Kingdom has also now come.
- we’re to conquer the enemies, substantially and decisively freeing people.
What God will do to perfectly reconcile all things.
The Gospel of the Kingdom is a message of absolute joyous victory and blessing, and at the some time a condemning, convicting sentence of doom for those who refuse to give him allegiance and become his disciples. he will indeed defeat all his enemies and those allied to them.
c. The Commission of the Kingdom
Jesus’ words in Matthew 24:114 help us understand his purpose and our involvement in the two-stage coming of the Kingdom
And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come. (Matthew 24:14 NIV)
The present interim period is then an overlapping of the “age to come” and the present evil age. In this interim period, Christ’s victory must be proclaimed among all nations. It is for the completing of this proclamation that Christ tarries. Matthew 24:14 is the only verse of Scripture that give an explicit condition for his return. The gospel of the Kingdom must be proclaimed in all the world. Only then will the end come.
This truth gives meaning to history, and gives purpose to the church. We have been left to continue what Christ began. He is with us in the completion of the Kingdom proclamation till the end of the age.
This great fact of the purpose of the interim period between two comings of the Messiah gives us the greatest motivation of all: the final victory awaits the completion of the task of proclaiming the Gospel to all the inhabited earth. and making disciples among the nations.
e. The Prayer of the Kingdom
The essence of intercessory prayer as taught by Jesus is founded on this truth: the status quo is not God’s will and plan, but rather he has broken the power of evil, and is bringing his rule to consummation. Christians are charged to “rebel” against the status quo by intercessory prayer.
We are to pray that his name be honored, sanctified, and blessed, where it is denied; that his Kingdom rule be known where it is defied; and that his will be done, by those obedient and rebellious.
We have freedom to pray this way because the Kingdom has come with such force and hidden power that his final triumph and humankind’s redemption is absolutely certain!
f. The People of the Kingdom
1) God’s Cosmic Plan
The redemption of persons is the center of God’s plan, but this also includes the rest of creation. God’s plan is to reconcile all things to himself through Christ and under Christ’s authority. The conclusion of all things is, in fact, the Kingdom of God.
2) The Church’s Place
The church is not the Kingdom, and must never be identified as the Kingdom. But, the church is the agent of God’s Kingdom, carrying out God’s plan.
3) The Community of God’s People
The church is not the culturally bound institution serving the church in life and mission. But the church is the community of God’s people, expressing God’s Kingdom rule in all cultures.
g. The Wideness of the Kingdom
If sin, death, and the devil are defeated, then are all men saved? It is God’s plan to reconcile all things to himself, then are the lost beyond His rule? How wide is God’s Kingdom?
1) Universalism teaches that all men will ultimately be saved because God is good.
2) The New Universalism teaches that all men will be saved because of Christ’s death.
3) The Wider Hope Theory teaches that not all will be saved but many will be saved without hearing the Gospel because God is just.
4) The Wider Hope Theory teaches that not all will be saved on the merits of Christ through general revelation.
5) The Narrow Way teaches that not all will be saved. God’s judgement is based on rejection or acceptance of the light of revelation. Those who respond to light are given enough of the light of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to be saved.